The term was quickly appropriated as a label applied to the works of William Gibson, Bruce Sterling, John Shirley, Rudy Rucker, Michael Swanwick, Pat Cadigan, Lewis Shiner, Richard Kadrey, and others. Background Īmerican author Bruce Bethke coined the term cyberpunk in his 1983 short story of that name, using it as a label for a generation of " punk" teenagers inspired by the perceptions inherent to the Information Age. Scholars have written of the stylistic place of these subgenres in postmodern literature, as well as their ambiguous interaction with the historical perspective of postcolonialism. Steampunk, one of the most well-known of these subgenres, has been defined as a "kind of technological fantasy " others in this category sometimes also incorporate aspects of science fantasy and historical fantasy.
Rather than necessarily sharing the digitally and mechanically focused setting of cyberpunk, these derivatives can display other futuristic, or even retrofuturistic, qualities that are drawn from or analogous to cyberpunk: a world built on one particular technology that is extrapolated to a highly sophisticated level (this may even be a fantastical or anachronistic technology, akin to retrofuturism), a gritty transreal urban style, or a particular approach to social themes. Since the advent of the cyberpunk genre, a number of cyberpunk derivatives have become recognized in their own right as distinct subgenres in speculative fiction, especially in science fiction.
Subgenres of this speculative fiction genre
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